Myostatin as part of a latent complex in the vicinity of the (D) polymorphism MSTN

Myostatin , also known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) a TGF-beta family member is (an inhibitor of myogenesis) secreted into the plasma expressed in human skeletal muscle (expressed in many different muscles throughout the body) as a 12.5-kD propeptide and a 26-kD glycoprotein (myostatin-immunoreactive protein) a dimer (three exons and two introns) locus: 2q32.2 [§§; ^] and WFIKKN2 protein (WAP, follistatin/kazal, kunitz, immunoglobulin, and netrin domain (WFIKKN2) containing 2) binds mature GDF8/myostatin and myostatin propeptide WFIKKN1 the paralogue (functional overlap) of these proteins. Myostatin » decreases muscle mass*, Myostatin-binding protein FLRG Protein, follistatin-related gene « (15 g whey) via signals originating from the gut (e.g., GIP), increased mRNA muscle cell  (anabolic-stimulus*) proliferation and differentiation, adipogenesis is blocked by RNAi silencing of signal to Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF4 pathway muscle and adipose tissue develop from the same mesenchymal stem cells. Synthesized (removed by subtilisin-like proprotein convertases (SPCs)) is the biologically active portion of the protein that hSGT (human small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein) may play a role in regulation, and complexes with amyloid-beta like signal sequence. Myostatin circulates as part of a latent complex containing follistatin-related gene FLRG. Activin type II receptors (ActRIIs) transmit the activin-binding protein (FLRG) a protein that binds and inhibits activin*, the polymorphisms, showed their relation to - left » ventricular mass (LVM) - of endurance, acitvin receptor type « ACVR- IIB and the myostatin propeptide is known to bind and inhibit myostatin in vitro.